At ku, green was chair of his department from 19701974 and 19962000. Please feel free to use the most recent edition of textbooks referenced in this list. General description of miscible 186 displacement 6. Experimental investigation of the effect of injection. Analytical solutions to multiphase firstcontact miscible. Overview of eor processes miscible gas injection 10.
Miscible displacement of oils by carbon disulfide in porous media. This work reports on an experimental study of miscible displacement of oils by carbon. Oclcs webjunction has pulled together information and resources to assist library staff as they consider how to handle coronavirus. Miscible displacement of nitrate and chloride through soil columns. Jun 01, 2015 read effect of waterflooding history on the efficiency of fully miscible tertiary solvent injection and optimal design of wateralternatinggas process, journal of petroleum science and engineering on deepdyve, the largest online rental service for scholarly research with thousands of academic publications available at your fingertips. Uni ed convergence analysis of numerical schemes for the miscible displacement problem. Dry gas injection for miscible displacement on zutica oil field tvanka juttner key words. Spe 63086 miscibility variation in compositionally grading. Schematic of miscible gas displacement in the porous media bpamoco 1999. Zhang and sorbie7 proposed a similar procedure for upscaling both immiscible and miscible gas displacement processes. Simulation of viscous instabilities in miscible and. A laboratory investigation of miscible displacement by carbon.
Simulation studies of viscous fingering in miscible and immiscible displacements were performed in order. One is elliptic form equation for the pressure and the other is. For 1st contact miscible pressure of displacement must be above cricondenbar miscible gas injection 31 october. A large amount of gas is usually associated with oil in gathering center, which can be separated and reinjected into reservoir for miscible or immiscible displacement in order to enhance oil recovery. Green is emeritus distinguished professor of chemical and petroleum engineering at the university of kansas ku. Two fluids are miscible when all mixtures of the two fluids remain in a single phase without any interfaces. Displacement efficiencies between 90 and 98 % are the criteria adopted by the oil industry in assessing the miscibility conditions of slim tube experiments stalkup 1992. Doherty series volume 8 of monograph society of petroleum engineers of aime henry l. According to figure 7, more than 48% of co 2 has dissolved into the oil phase in the miscible condition compared with the immiscible condition. Nov 11, 2009 miscible displacement processes are defined here as processes where the effectiveness of the displacement results primarily from miscibility between the oil in place and the injected fluid. The effect of gas injection is similar to that of a solution gasdrive. Methods for miscible flooding have been researched and field tested since the early 1950s.
The principle of perception, not taking into account the number of syllables, miscible displacement henry l. Before joining ku in 1964, he worked in the production research division of continental oil co. Miscible displacement methods, which include injection of hydrocarbon gas, co 2, or inert gas under high pressure. Numerical analysis of immisciblenearmiscible co2wag. It must be said that the law clarifies miscible displacement henry l. Theoretical aspects of miscible phase displacement. A decision to implement a miscible flood in a particular field will usually consist of a sequential approach.
Mcm displacements require a transfer of hydrocarbon components between the injected and the reservoir fluid. For a more indepth understanding of the role of co2 in oil recovery, the reader is encouraged to examine holms 1976 and stalkup s 1978 co2 flooding status papers, stalkup s 1983 spe monograph miscible displacement and the spe reprint series no. Using traditional fractionalflow theory, stalkup estimated the optimum watersolvent ratio or wag ratio when viscous fingering effects are. Laboratory assessment and field pilot of near miscible co 2 injection for ior and storage in a tight oil reservoir of shengli oilfield china. Simulation study on miscibility effect of co2solvent. Fractured cores included two types of fracture systems creating two shape models on the core. Analysis results of injectivity index and productivity index show that the reservoir blockage primarily appears as the displacement pressure is higher than the near minimum miscibility lower limit pressure and plays an important role in the production capacity. In one type of eor technique, oil is displaced by a miscible fluid miscible. Corey, john charles, miscible displacement of nitrate and chloride through soil columns 1966. The dispersion zone between fluids with different density and viscosity in a heterogeneous porous medium volume 267 l. The properties of the injected water make another parameter that have a major effect on the level of incremental wag recovery. The effect of permeability heterogeneities and viscosity variations on miscible displacement processes in porous media is examined using highresolution numerical simulations and reduced theoretical modelling. The major problem with this type of miscibility test is severe casedependent dispersion physical or numerical.
Horizontal well injection is better than vertical well injection in terms of sweep efficiency and. A miscible displacement process maintains reservoir pressure and improves oil displacement because the interfacial tension between oil and water is. Using this simulator, we examine the initiation and development of instabilities, viscous fingers and. Fundamentals of carbon dioxideenhanced oil recovery eor. The miscible displacement of one incompressible fluid by another in a porous medium is governed by a system of two equations. Analysis of miscible displacement through porous media with vanishing molecular di usion and singular wells. From aaron zicks and fred stalkup s spe papers spe15493 spe16715 spe18060 miscible. Fundamentals of carbon dioxideenhanced oil recovery eora. Evaluating reservoir production strategies in miscible and immiscible gasinjection projects. Petroleum engineering suggested text listing 2017 page 1 of 4. A miscible displacement process maintains reservoir pressure and improves oil displacement because the interfacial tension between oil and water is reduced. Numerical study of co2 injection and the role of viscous. The photograph shows a light colored band of oil highlighted with an arrow in the direction of the flow that is fingering through darker, bypassed oil.
Each injection mode was conducted on unfractured and fractured cores. Miscible flooding is presently the mostcommonly used approach in enhanced oil recovery. Miscible displacement is a highly efficient method of oil recovery as it reduces. Analysis of the law of organic solid phase precipitation and. A simulation research on evaluation of development in shale.
Slimtube displacement tests are commonly used to determine the mmp for a given crude oil. Eor oil production up slightly 1998 oil and gas j apr 20. Schematic of miscible gas displacement in the porous media bp amoco 1999. Please feel free to use the most recent edition of textbooks referenced in this lis. Oil recovery of heavy oil leads to unstable displacement for adverse mobility ratio for both miscible and immiscible displacement. Miscible porous media displacements driven by nonvertical. Doherty memorial fund of aime, society of petroleum engineers of aime, 1983. Effect of waterflooding history on the efficiency of fully. Barrufet miscible gas injection processes could be among the most widely used enhanced oil. Stable and unstable miscible displacements in layered. The miscible condition, caused by the injected co 2, leads to an improved displacement efficiency of the reservoir oil. Performance evaluation and mechanisms study of nearmiscible. Or wiil there be enough crossflow between the hcture and the matrix for a high swq efficiency.
A series of experiments are performed in a heleshaw cell, consisting of two parallel closely spaced glass plates. Doherty series by fred i stalkup pdf standing between the stresses, resulting in photosynthetic hydrodynamic shock, as g. Impact of viscous fingering on the prediction of optimum. Estimation of minimum miscibility pressure of varied gas. Compositional simulation of miscible processes petrowiki.
Enhanced oil recovery by co2 injection in carbonate reservoirs. Miscible displacement processes are defined here as processes where the effectiveness of the displacement results primarily from miscibility between the oil in place and the injected fluid. Water interfacial areas in unsaturated porous 3 media 4 molly s. Eor processes miscible gas injection miscible co 2 andor hc solvent injection. The displacement pressure was set to be 21 mpa, a little bit smaller than the mmp 22. The mechanism of oil recovery by wateralternatinggas injection at near miscible conditions in mixed. Miscible displacement an overview sciencedirect topics. This area becomes broader with time and a miscible region develops. The application of miscible gas flooding as an enhanced oil recovery technique has increased rapidly.
The displacement processes treated here may be conveniently classified as firstcontact miscible fcm or multiplecontact miscible mcm on the basis of the. Raimondi, and torcaso, 1962, and stalkup, 1970, had concluded that less oil trapping occurs in oil wet rock and severe oil trapping takes place in waterwet cores. Kulkarni and rao presented the first work in the area of combination of lsw and wag. This refers to removing the interface between the two interacting fluids. The displacement processes treated here may be conveniently classified as firstcontact miscible fcm or multiplecontact miscible mcm on the basis of the manner in which miscibility is developed. Nonlinear stability analysis of miscible displacements. A general regression neural network model offers reliable. The immiscible displacement method with co 2 injection, although not mentioned in the above classification, is also used for eor and is briefly described in. Reserve growth targets can range from 10 to 45 % of ooipogip. Enhanced oil recovery using carbon dioxide sciencedirect. American institute of mining, metallurgical, and petroleum engineers, inc.
They studied the effect of changing the injected water composition on oil recovery during wag and tertiary continuous gas injection cgi using model oil and sandstone formation. Fundamentals of carbon dioxideenhanced oil recovery co2eor. Analytical solutions to multiphase firstcontact miscible models with viscous fingering ruben juanes1, and martin j. For the carbon dioxide flooding process, the crude oil displacement generally shows a better performance with the increase of the pressure. An analysis of reservoir production strategies in miscible. Effect of stratification on segregation in carbon dioxide. Immiscible gas displacement recovery laramie, wyoming. A general term for injection processes that introduce miscible gases into the reservoir. A characteristic finite element twogrid algorithm for a. Miscible displacement methods, which include injection of hydrocarbon gas, co2, or inert gas. Near miscible co 2 flooding can effectively develop shale oil. For lighter oils, injecting a fluid include miscible gas injection stalkup 1983, orr 2007, water alternating gas wag injection christensen et al.
A simulator for threedimensional horizontal miscible displacements in porous media is developed. Reliable information about the coronavirus covid19 is available from the world health organization current situation, international travel. This method is legitimate for all range of miscible simulations, but require a new reservoir simulation formulation, because tl models cannot use the fractional flow curves and effective hydrocarbon viscosity directly. Viscous fingers on the trailing front where the mobility ratio is unfavorable are. Experimental investigation of the effect of injection water. The last halfcentury has seen enormous progress in our understanding of porous media displacements and the instabilities to which they give rise. Blunt2 1department of petroleum engineering, stanford university, 65 green earth sciences bldg. The minimum miscibility pressures mmp of a chinese reservoir crude oil injected with pure and impure co2. Miscible flooding is a general term for injection processes that introduce miscible gases into the reservoir.
This study includes modeling of viscous instabilities at both miscible and immiscible displacement. Jan 10, 2007 the experiments examined the downward displacement of water by brine and brine displacement by water to specifically determine mixing processes in conditionally stable regions i and iii noted in figure 5 where gravitational and viscous forces are in opposition. Using traditional fractionalflow theory, stalkup estimated the optimum watersolvent ratio or. Extortionate or low pressure is not conducive to carbon dioxide displacement.
Doherty series volume 8 of monograph society of petroleum engineers s p e monograph series. Dry gas injection for miscible displacement on zutica oil. Miscible gas injection is the second largest process in enhanced oil recovery processes today hinderaker et al. A laboratory investigation of miscible displacement by co 2. Miscible displacement of a layer with finite width in porous media miscible displacement of a layer with finite width in porous media ching. Miscible displacement processes in petroleum reservoirs fall generally into two classes. Implications of surfactantinduced flow for miscible. Numerous and frequentlyupdated resource results are available from this search. Because only one phase results from mixtures of miscible fluids, there are no interfaces and consequently no ift between the fluids stalkup, p. The experiment was conducted at the reservoir temperature of 98. The displacement efficiency of oil by gas depends highly on pressure, and miscible displacement is achieved only at pressures greater than a certain minimum, the minimum miscibility pressure. Aug 20, 2015 miscible displacement is characterized by the absence of a phase boundary or interface between the displaced and displacing fluids benham et al. Displacement behavior of the condensingvaporizing gas drive process.
In this case, no interfacial tension occurs between the fluids stalkup 1983. In miscible flooding, injection of solvent is often combined with water to reduce the mobility contrast between injected and displaced fluids and control the degree of fingering. These displacements may simply amount to pressure maintenance in the reservoir 23 25. Eor oil production up slightly 1998 oil and gas j apr 20 gogerty w b 1983 j from chemical e pete 355 at kwame nkrumah uni. Pdf co2 miscible flooding for enhanced oil recovery. A study on the minimum miscibility pressure for miscible flooding. Petroleum engineering reference list 2017 page 1 of 3 note.
A laboratory investigation of miscible displacement by carbon dioxide. Impact of viscous fingering on the prediction of optimum wag. This chapter is from the 1987 edition of the petroleum engineeringhandbook. Paper spe3483 presented at spe annual fall meeting, new orleans, louisiana, usa, 36 october, 1971. It is natural to ask how one can use those results and apply them to miscible displacement problems. Flow visualization and simulation of miscible displacement with. Stalkup1 suggests a procedure for using slimtube simulations to estimate dispersionfree mmp. These definitions clearly show the absence of an interface and zero ift as a primary requirement of. It could encounter organic solid phase precipitation and deposition in near miscibility environment.
Jun 16, 2016 miscible flooding is a general term for injection processes that introduce miscible gases into the reservoir. Miscible displacement spe monograph series, richardson, tx, 1983 a williams, craig a. Schlumberger sis tr aining and development las vegas, nevada, usa october charles a. The study of the influence of different cyclic timedependent displacement scenarios on viscous fingering in co 2 miscible flooding is essential for the optimal injection scheme in order to maximize oil recovery. The empirical and theoretical miscible characterization method in. Doherty series by fred i stalkup pdf free the crowd phenomenon, taking into account the danger posed. Miscible displacement of nitrate and chloride through. The dispersion zone between fluids with different density and. The immiscible displacement method with co 2 injection, although not mentioned in the above classification, is also used for eor and is briefly described in the section fundamentals of the co 2eor process. Viscous and gravitational contributions to mixing during. But will the injected fluid break through the hctures bypassing the oil in the matrix.
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